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Return to Texas Entomology - Compiled by Mike Quinn
cf: T. femoratus, T. tetraophthalmus, North American Tetraopes spp.
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(female)
Range: Eastern United States (Yanega 1996)
Adult Activity: Coincides with hostplant flowering, May-September (Yanega 1996)
Hosts: Asclepias tuberosa (Yanega 1996)
Similar Species:
There are 26 species of Tetraopes distributed from Guatemala to Canada, and are most diverse in the Sonoran region.
Thirteen species occur in The United States. (Arnett et al. 2002)Texas Taxa: Per Monné & Hovore (2005)
Milkweed Beetle Species - Asclepias Host Plant Species (per: Farrell & Mitter 1998, Yanega 1996)
Tetraopes annulatus LeConte - A. subverticillata (A. sullivantii (MO) and A. speciosa (AZ))
Tetraopes discoideus LeConte - A. subverticillata (A. curassavica in Mexico to El Salvador)
Tetraopes femoratus LeConte - A. speciosa
Tetraopes linsleyi Chemsak - A. linaria
Tetraopes mandibularis Chemsak - A. latifolia
Tetraopes pilosus Chemsak - A. arenaria, A. tuberosa
Tetraopes quinquemaculatus Haldeman - A. amplexicaulis, A. hirtella
Tetraopes texanus Horn - A. viridiflora
Tetraopes thermophilus Chevrolat - ?
Weblinks:
Tetraopes melanurus - Eastern U.S. - Florida State Collection of Arthropods
Type Specimens:
The Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) Type Database at Harvard University
Beetle Species - Range (per: Monné & Hovore, 2002, Yanega 1996)
Tetraopes annulatus LeConte, 1847 - Canada (Alberta)-sw USA (TX, AZ)
Tetraopes basalis LeConte, 1852 - California
Tetraopes discoideus LeConte, 1858 - Colorado to e. Kansas, Arizona to Texas, Mexico, south to Honduras
Tetraopes femoratus LeConte, 1847 - ec USA (OH)-western North America, northern Mexico (widely distributed)
Tetraopes quinquimaculatus Haldeman, 1847 - Eastern North America-Texas
Tetraopes texana Horn, 1878 - Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, n Mexico
Cerambycidae Holotypes of the Smithsonian Institution
Tetraopes mandibularis - Oklahoma, Texas
Taxonomy:
melanurus Schoenherr, 1817
canteriator Drapiez, 1819
Arnett, R.H., Jr., M.C. Thomas, P.E. Skelley & J.H. Frank. (editors). 2002. American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press. 861 pp.
Chemsak, J.A. 1963. Taxonomy and bionomics of the genus Tetraopes (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology 30(1): 1-90.
Craighead, F.C. 1923. North American cerambycid larvae. Dom. Canada Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin. (n.s.) 27. 238 pp.
Davis, M.A. 1984. The flight and migration ecology of the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus). Ecology 64:230-234.
Davis, M.A. 1981. The flight capacities of dispersing milkweed beetles, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74:385-386.
Davis, M.A. 1980. Variation in flight duration among individual Tetraopes beetles: Implications for studies of insect flight. Journal of Insect Physiology 26:403-406.
Davis, M.A. 1980. Seasonal variation in the vagility of populations of the Red Milkweed Beetle, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus. Environmental Entomology 9:432-435.
Farrell, B.D. 1991. Phylogenetics of insect/plant interactions: Tetraopes and Asclepias. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. Maryland.
Farrell, B.D., 2001. Evolutionary Assembly of the Milkweed Fauna: Cytochrome Oxidase I and the Age of Tetraopes Beetles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18(3): 467–478.
Farrell, B.D., & C. Mitter. 1998. The timing of insect/plant diversification: might Tetraopes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae) have co-evolved? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 63: 553–577. With 6 figures
Gardiner, L.M. 1961. A note on oviposition and larval habits of the milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus Forst. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Can. Entomol. 93: 678.
Hanley, G.A. 2005. Cerambycidae of North Dakota. Minot State University. 105 pp.
Hartman F. 1977. The Ecology and Coevolution of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca: Asclepidaceae) and Milkweed Beetles (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus: Cerambycidae). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Michigan.
Hovore, F.T., R.L. Penrose & R.W. Neck 1987. The Cerambycidae, or longhorned beetles, of southern Texas: a faunal survey. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 44(13): 283-344, 20 figs.
Lawrence, W.S. 1982. Sexual dimorphism in between and within patch movements of a monophagous insect: Tetraopes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Oecologia 53: 245-250.
Linsley E.G. & Chemsak J.A. 1995. Cerambycidae of North America. Part VII, No. 2. Taxonomy and Classification of the Subfamily Lamiinae, Tribes Acanthocinini through Hemilophini. University of California publications in Entomology, 114: 1-292.
McCauley, D.E. & E.C. Lawson. 1986. Mating reduces predation on male milkweed beetles. Am. Nat. 127: 112–17.
Monné, M.A. & F.T. Hovore. 2005. Electronic Checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Western Hemisphere. 393 pp.
Nishio, S., Blum, M.S., Takahashi, S. 1983. Intraplant distribution of cardenolides in Asclepias humistrata (Asclepiadaceae), with additional notes on their fates in Tetraopes melanurus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Rhyssomatus lineaticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Kyoto University 122: 43-52.
Price, P.W. & M.F. Willson. 1979. Abundance of herbivores on six milkweed species in Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 101: 76-86.
Rice, M.E., R.H. Turnbow, & R.T. Hovore. 1985. Biological and distributional observations on Cerambycidae from the southwestern United States (Coleoptera). Coleopterists Bulletin 39: 18-24.
Schieffer, T.L. 1998. Disjunct distribution of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in the Black Belt Prairie and Jackson Prairie in Mississippi and Alabama. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 52(3): 278-284.
White, R.E. 1983. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 368 pp.
Yanega, D. 1996. Field guide to northeastern longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, 6:1-184.
21 Apr 2007 © Mike Quinn / mike.quinn@tpwd.state.tx.us / Texas Entomology / Texas Beetle Information